Research

Adequate antibiotic dosing may improve outcomes in critically ill patients but is challenging due to altered and variable pharmacokinetics. To address this challenge, AutoKinetics was developed, a decision support system for bedside, real-time, data-driven and personalised antibiotic dosing.

For mechanically ventilated critically ill COVID-19 patients, prone positioning has quickly become an important treatment strategy, however, prone positioning is labor intensive and comes with potential adverse effects. Therefore, identifying which critically ill intubated COVID-19 patients will benefit may help allocate labor resources.

Reinforcement learning has shown great potential in many applications in recent years. However, many of these applications rely on simulators such as games to obtain a significant amount of interactions at a relatively low cost.

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has gained traction in the healthcare domain. In particular, RL methods have been explored for haemodynamic optimization of septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit. Most hospitals however, lack the data and expertise for model development, necessitating transfer of models developed using external datasets.

Finding well-defined clusters in data represents a fundamental challenge for many data-driven applications, and largely depends on good data representation. Drawing on literature regarding representation learning, studies suggest that one key characteristic of good latent representations is the ability to produce semantically mixed outputs when decoding linear interpolations of two latent representations.

While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be the approach of choice for tackling many complex problems, it remains challenging to develop and deploy RL agents in real-life scenarios successfully. This paper presents pH-RL (p ersonalization in e-H ealth with RL), a general RL architecture for personalization to bring RL to health practice.

Introduction Antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients is challenging because their pharmacokinetics (PK) are altered and may change rapidly with disease progression. Standard dosing frequently leads to inadequate PK exposure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) offers a potential solution but requires sampling and pharmacometric knowledge, which delays decision support.

The major application areas of reinforcement learning (RL) have traditionally been game playing and continuous control. In recent years, however, RL has been increasingly applied in systems that interact with humans. RL can personalize digital systems to make them more relevant to individual users.

This paper presents a new general framework for turning any auto-encoder into a generative model. Here, we focus on a specific instantiation of the auto-encoder that consists of the Short Time Fourier Transform as an encoder, and a composition of the Griffin-Lim Algorithm and the pseudo inverse of the Short Time Fourier Transform as a decoder.

Personalization is very powerful in improving the effectiveness of health interventions. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are suitable for learning these tailored interventions from sequential data collected about individuals. However, learning can be very fragile.

In many sequential decision making problems progress is predominantly based on artificial data sets. This can be attributed to insufficient access to real data. Here we propose to mitigate this by using generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate representative data sets from real data.

We introduce an end-to-end reinforcement learning (RL) solution for the problem of sending personalized digital health interventions. Previous work has shown that personalized interventions can be obtained through RL using simple, discrete state information such as the recent activity performed.

Research has shown that personalization of health interventions can contribute to an improved effectiveness. Reinforcement learning algorithms can be used to perform such tailoring. In this paper, we present a cluster-based reinforcement learning approach which learns optimal policies for groups of users.

Simulation environments have proven to be very useful as testbeds for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. For settings where an actual human user is involved, these simulation environments allow one to test out the suitability of new RL approaches without having to include real users at first.

Information in Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) can be used to generate accurate predictions for the occurrence of a variety of health states, which can contribute to more pro-active interventions. The very nature of EMRs does make the application of off-the-shelf machine learning techniques difficult.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is known as the department with the highest mortality numbers in any hospital. Patients at the ICU require extensive assessment by hospital staff. This is partially achieved through the use of state-oftheart monitoring devices that provide measurements and trends about each patient.